Europe must adopt a more coordinated approach to managing its underground resources if it is to unlock the full potential of geothermal energy and meet growing demands for the energy transition, according to a new position paper published by EuroGeoSurveys, a not-for-profit representing the continent's Geological Surveys.
The report warns that Europe’s subsurface is coming under increasing pressure as policymakers seek space for renewable energy storage, critical raw material extraction, groundwater protection and carbon dioxide storage.
At the same time, interest in geothermal energy is growing as countries look for reliable, low-carbon sources of heat and power to strengthen energy security and reduce dependence on imported fuels.
The report argues that integrated subsurface spatial planning is essential to balance these competing demands and ensure that underground resources are developed sustainably and strategically.
Drawing on expertise from national geological survey organisations across Europe, the paper highlights the need for stronger policy coordination, improved scientific knowledge and greater access to geoscientific data.
Such measures, it says, are critical for identifying suitable locations for geothermal developments while safeguarding other underground resources and environmental interests.
The report also calls for the creation of a future Geological Service for Europe, which would build on the existing European Geological Data Infrastructure (EGDI) and decades of investment by geological surveys and research partners through initiatives including GeoERA and the Geological Service for Europe (GSEU) project.
According to EuroGeoSurveys, a continent-wide geological service would provide the data, expertise and trusted advice needed to support major infrastructure projects, including the expansion of geothermal energy systems, carbon storage facilities and strategic mineral developments.
As Europe accelerates its drive towards climate neutrality, the organisation says the subsurface should be recognised as a strategic asset capable of supporting the green transition, strengthening resource security and enhancing climate resilience.
“By strengthening cooperation between geological surveys across Europe, EuroGeoSurveys aims to ensure that the subsurface becomes a strategic enabler for the green transition, resource security, and climate resilience,” it noted.